1. The quality of electroslag pressure welded joints does not meet the requirements

　?。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)象

　　(1) Phenomenon

　　接頭處軸線彎折或軸線偏疼過(guò)大，焊包不勻，并有咬邊、夾渣、未熔合等現(xiàn)象；鋼筋?yuàn)A持處燒傷。

　　The bending or migration of the axes at the joints is too large, the welding package is uneven, and there are some phenomena such as undercut, slag inclusion, non-fusion, etc. The reinforcing bar is burned at the clamping position.

　　（二）原因剖析

　　(2) Cause analysis

　　1、鋼筋端部歪扭不直，整理不干凈或端面不平；鋼筋裝置不正，軸線偏移，機(jī)具損壞，造成鋼筋晃動(dòng)和位移；焊接完成后，接頭未經(jīng)充分冷卻；

　　1. The end of the reinforcing bar is not straight, clean or uneven; the installation of the reinforcing bar is not correct, the axis is offset, and the machine tool is damaged, resulting in the sway and displacement of the reinforcing bar; after welding, the joint has not been fully cooled;

　　2、焊接工藝方法使用不妥，焊接參數(shù)挑選不合適，操作技術(shù)不過(guò)關(guān)；

　　2. Improper use of welding technology, inappropriate selection of welding parameters and poor operation technology;

　　3、焊劑裝填不勻，或受潮。

　　3. Flux filling is uneven or damp.

　?。ㄈ┓乐无k法

　　(3) Measures for prevention and control

　　1、焊接前應(yīng)矯正或切除鋼筋端部過(guò)于彎折或歪曲的部分，并予以鏟除干凈，鋼筋端面應(yīng)磨平；

　　1. Before welding, the bending or distorted part of the end of the reinforcing bar should be corrected or removed, and the end of the reinforcing bar should be eradicated, and the end face of the reinforcing bar should be ground flat.

　　2、鋼筋加工裝置應(yīng)由持證焊工進(jìn)行，裝置鋼筋時(shí)要注意鋼筋或夾具軸線是否在同一直線上，鋼筋是否裝置結(jié)實(shí)，過(guò)長(zhǎng)的鋼筋裝置時(shí)應(yīng)有置于同一水平面的延伸架，如機(jī)具損壞，特別是焊接夾具墊塊損壞應(yīng)及時(shí)修理或替換，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格后方準(zhǔn)焊接；

　　2. Reinforcement processing equipment should be carried out by licensed welders. When installing reinforcing bars, attention should be paid to whether the axes of reinforcing bars or fixtures are on the same straight line, whether the reinforcing bars are strong or not, and if the reinforcing bars are too long, an extension frame should be placed on the same horizontal plane. If the machine tool is damaged, especially the damage of welding fixture pads should be repaired or replaced in time, and quasi-welded

　　3、依據(jù)《鋼筋焊接及檢驗(yàn)規(guī)程》(JCJ18)合理挑選焊接參數(shù)，正確掌握操作方法。焊接完成后，應(yīng)視狀況堅(jiān)持冷卻1～2min后，待接頭有足夠的強(qiáng)度時(shí)再拆除機(jī)具或移動(dòng)；

　　3. Reasonable selection of welding parameters and correct grasp of operation methods according to the Code for Welding and Inspection of Reinforcement Bars (JCJ18). After the welding is completed, the machine tool should be removed or moved after cooling for 1 to 2 minutes according to the condition, and when the joint has enough strength.

　　4、焊工有必要持有上崗證。鋼筋焊接前，有必要依據(jù)施工條件進(jìn)行試焊，合格后方可施焊；

　　4. It is necessary for welders to hold a job certificate. Before welding, it is necessary to carry out trial welding according to construction conditions, and only after qualified can it be welded.

　　5、焊接完成后有必要堅(jiān)持自檢。對(duì)接頭彎折和偏疼超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的及未焊透的接頭，應(yīng)切除熱影響區(qū)后從頭焊接或采取補(bǔ)強(qiáng)焊接辦法；對(duì)脆性斷裂的接頭應(yīng)按規(guī)定進(jìn)行復(fù)驗(yàn)，不合格的接頭應(yīng)切除熱影響區(qū)后從頭焊接。

　　5. It is necessary to insist on self-inspection after welding. For joints with bending and migration exceeding the standard and incomplete penetration, the heat affected zone should be removed and then ab initio welding or reinforcing welding should be adopted; for joints with brittle fracture, the required re-inspection should be carried out, and for unqualified joints, the heat affected zone should be removed and ab initio welding should be adopted.

　　二、直螺紋絲扣加工缺陷

　　2. Machining Defects of Straight Thread Screw Bucks

　?。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)象：

　　(1) Phenomena:

　　絲扣殘缺、數(shù)量不行、絲頭端部不平整等（如圖1、圖2）。

　　Wire buckles are incomplete, the number is not good, and the end of the wire head is uneven (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

　?。ǘ┰蚱饰觯?/div>